上周,本港英文報紙《南華早報》(South China Morning Post,SCMP)刊登了一篇採訪英國駐港總領事(consul general)賀恩德(Andrew R. Heyn)的報道,題目是:Britain looks to forge closer ties to Hong Kong amid EU exit with biggest innovation festival,可直譯為「在脫歐之際,英國通過(來港)舉辦最大型創新科技節,期望與香港構建更緊密關係。」文中提到英國將於三月下旬在香港舉辦創新科技節(the GREAT Festival of Innovation),並期待以此加強與香港的經貿關係。
這裏主要談談標題中所用的Forge一詞。
Forge是個多義詞,用作動詞時原指「鍛造」,鐵匠(blacksmith)把鐵燒紅再用錘敲打成器具,就是forge,如To forge a blade takes great skill(鍛造刀劍需要精湛技藝)。按此意義用作名詞,forge便指鐵匠的煉鐵爐。
由此引申說forge relationship/alliance/link…,就是「形成」、「構建」某種關係/聯盟/聯繫…的意思,如During the 1990s, the US forged trade links with China。(美國在20世紀90年代與中國建立貿易聯繫)上述報道標題中的forge就是這一詞義。
而forge的另一個主要詞義則是「(非法)偽造」,尤指偽造文件、錢幣和藝術品等如:a forged passport(一本假護照)。偽造的行為或偽造品就叫做forgery,如These paintings are all forgeries(這些畫作都是贋品)或He made money by forgery(他靠造假賺錢)。
Forge用作動詞的第三個主要詞義是to keep moving forwards, with a lot of difficulty,即「在艱難困苦中勉力前進」,如:Napoleon's soldiers forged through the snow(拿破侖的軍隊冒雪前進)。作此義解時,可與ahead構成動詞短語to forge ahead,《柯林斯英文詞典》的釋義是:If you forge ahead with something, you continue with it and make a lot of progress with it;意思是在按原定方向或計劃繼續前進並取得進展。如:Export sales continue to forge ahead(出口銷售繼續增長);或He forged ahead with his plans(他按原定計劃進行)。
英文中像這類多義的動詞為數不少,不過,只要按上下文(context)的意思去理解,一般不會混淆。當然,有時這些詞也可多義同用,如This seemingly ancient sword was forged by him(這把貌似古董劍是他鍛打偽造的),在此情況下,就要做多義理解了。
亦 然